Tasks for Wednesday, April 3

Hi everyone!

Today we are going to do some exercises divided into 2 parts: Unit 1: "Personal Information" and Unit 2: "Expressing Your Opinions".

Remember: if you need help with definitions, you can use http://www.wordreference.com/ or https://www.linguee.com/

Unit 1: "Personal Information"

1. Vocabulary. Match the words with their definitions.

A	Loan	1	To give something that is yours to someone else after being pressured
B	Steal	2	To collect large quantities of information, especially automatically
C	Tax	3	To persuade someone to do something by offering them something exciting
D	To target	4	An amount of money that is borrowed from the bank and must be returned with interest
E	Lure	5	An illegal plan for making money, especially by tricking people
F	Skimming	6	money paid to the government that is based on your income or goods that you buy
G	Harvest	7	To secretly and illegally use a piece of equipment that records someone’s credit card details
H	Scam	8	To take something without permission
I	Surrender	9	Represented as real but actually false
J	Phony	10	A person or group of people that something is directed at

2. Read the following article

The Most Common Ways of Identity Theft

by Charles Montaldo 

January 08, 2019

Identity theft is when someone fraudulently uses your personal information, such as your name, date of birth, Social Security number, and address, for their financial gain. These uses might include to obtain credit, get a loan, open a bank, or a credit card account or obtain an I.D. card.

If you become the victim of identity theft, chances are it will cause severe damage to your finances and your good name, especially if you do not find out about it immediately.

You can even find yourself accused of a crime you did not commit because someone used your personal information to perpetrate the crime in your name.

Consequently, it is vital in today's electronic age to protect your information as best you can.

There are different ways that identity thieves go about stealing the personal information of others. Here are the most common methods used by identity thieves and ways for you to avoid becoming their victim.

Dumpster Diving

Dumpster diving is when someone goes through trash looking for personal information that can be used for identity theft purposes. Identity thieves look for credit card bills, bank statements, medical bills and insurance, and old financial forms such as old tax forms.

Stealing Your Mail

Identity thieves will often target a person and steal mail directly from their mailbox. Thieves will also have all of the mail redirected through a change of address request made at the post office. The identity thieves are looking for bank statements, credit card bills, tax information, medical information, and personal checks.

Stealing Your Wallet or Purse

Identity thieves thrive by illegally obtaining personal information from others, and what better place to get it but from a purse or a wallet. A driver's license, credit cards, debit cards, and bank deposit slip, are like gold to identity thieves.

You Are a Winner!

Identity thieves use the temptation of prize winnings to lure people into giving them their personal and credit card information over the phone. The identity thief will tell the person that they have won a contest for a free vacation or some grand gift, but that they need to verify personal information, including their date of birth, to prove they are over 18-years-of-age. They will explain that the vacation is free, except for the sales tax, and ask for the "winner" to provide them with a credit card. They usually make it sound like a decision must be made immediately, or the person will lose the prize.

Skimming Debit or Credit Card Numbers

Skimming is when thieves use a data storage device to capture the information from the magnetic strip of the credit, debit or ATM card at an ATM or during an actual purchase. 

When skimming from an ATM, thieves will attach card readers (called skimmers) over the real terminal card reader and harvest data from every card that is swiped. Some thieves place a fake PIN pad over the real one to capture victims' PINs (personal identification numbers) as they enter it.

Once the thief has returned to the ATM and collected the file of stolen information, they can log into an ATM and steal money from the harvested accounts. Other thieves clone the credit cards to sell or for personal use.

Phishing

"Phishing" is a scam in which the identity thief sends an email falsely claiming to be from a legitimate organization, government agency or bank, to lure the victim into surrendering personal information such as a bank account number, credit card number or passwords. Often the email will send victims to a phony website that is designed to look like the real business or government agency. eBay, PayPal, and MSN are regularly used in phishing scams.

​

Pretexting

Pretexting is the practice of obtaining someone's personal information using illegal tactics, then selling the information to people who will use it to, among other things, steal the person's identity.

Pretexters may call and claim that they are calling from the cable company and doing a service survey. After exchanging pleasantries, they would ask about any recent cable problems, and then ask if you mind completing a short survey. They may offer to update your records, including the best time of the day to provide service to you and they obtain your name, address and telephone number.

Armed with the personal information, the pretexter may then decide to search for public information about you, and learn your age, if you are a homeowner, if you paid your taxes, places that you lived before, and the names of your adult children.

They may look at your social media profile to learn about your work history and the college that you attended. They will then call companies you are associated with to gain enough information to get access to your financial information, health records, and social security number.

3. Now that you've finished reading, write down these questions in your notebook and answer them.

1. ·         What kind of information to identity thieves look for?
2. ·         What can a thief do with your personal information?
3. ·         What does Dumpster Diving mean?
4. ·         How can thieves redirect your mail to another address?
5. ·         How do thieves get your information on the phone?
6. ·         How can thieves read your credit card number on an ATM?
7. ·         What does the “Phishing” tactic involve?
8. ·         How do Pretexters obtain your personal information?
9. ·         Have you ever been a victim of identity theft? If so, what did you do?
10. ·         What things can you do to avoid having your personal information stolen?

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Listening Activity
Nelson Mandela Short Biography

Write the following questions in your notebook:

1.       Where was Nelson Mandela from?

2.       When was he born?

3.       What did he do when he joined the African National Congress Youth League?

4.       Why did he go to jail?

5.       What happened in London’s Wembley Stadium in 1988?

6.       Why were Mandela and de Klerk awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

7.       What did Mandela do after he retired from public life?

Watch the video and answer the questions.

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Unit 2: "Expressing Your Opinion"

1.Read an article about Apartheid and racial discrimination.

International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

by Dave Collett

What does the term ‘racial discrimination’ mean? It means to treat a person differently based on race rather than capability. In most countries, this is considered against the law and many people have been put into prison for racial discrimination.

“I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal, which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die". Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela is one of the world’s greatest heroes for his struggle to free the people of South Africa. He spent his whole life fighting for racial equality. He formed a political party called Umkhoto we Sizwe in 1961 after all forms of peaceful protests failed. He travelled abroad for his cause even though he knew of the danger he was posing to himself when he returned to South Africa. Not long after, he was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. He was released in 1990 after being in jail for 28 years. Three years later, in 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to abolish racial discrimination in South Africa. He is an inspiration to all the deprived and oppressed people in the world and has never tolerated any form of racism.

In the beginning, the aim of ‘apartheid’ was to keep the white people in South Africa in total control of the country as well as dividing the races. In the 1960’s, the Grand Apartheid plan was created to emphasize the separation of territories and police repression. 

The apartheid laws were created in 1948. White people weren’t allowed to marry non-white people and there was a sanction of ‘white-only jobs’. By 1950, all South Africans were categorized into three categories: white, black or coloured. People who belonged to the coloured category were neither black nor white, maybe from an Asian or Indian background.

This table below is one example of the apartheid policy and how effective it was in keeping the black people of South Africa oppressed. As you can see from the table although the black population was much higher, they had fewer doctors and teachers. Therefore young children died early and the older ones received little education.

	Blacks	Whites
Population	19 million	4.5 million
Share of Land	13%	87%
Share of National Income	Below 20%	75%
Ratio of average earnings	1	14
Minimum taxable income	360 rands	750 rands
Doctors/population	1/44,000	1/400
Infant Death rate	20% (urban);  40% (rural)	2.7%
Annual expenditure on education per pupil	$45	$696
Teacher/pupil ratio	1/60	1/22

Disproportionate Treatment circa 1978. Source: (Leo80)

It was obligatory for a black person to carry a passbook containing their fingerprints, photo and information whenever they wanted to enter a non-black area. This meant that Africans who lived in their homelands needed passports to enter South Africa, their own country!

March 21, 1960 marked a tragic day in the history of South Africa. A big group of blacks in the township of Sharpeville were protesting peacefully by refusing to carry their passes and as many as 69 people were shot by the police and 187 people were wounded. This incident was known by many people as the Sharpeville Massacre. Despite this tragedy, the white regime had no intention of changing the unjust laws of apartheid. Later on, the United Nations General Assembly declared March 21 as the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Due to the problems of ‘apartheid’ South Africa was expelled from the United Nations in 1974.

Now the United Nations calls on all international communities to work together to fight against racial discrimination as well as to commemorate this tragedy in hopes of a better future for the world.

2.Write down and answer the following questions:

1. .       What was Nelson Mandelas’s dream?
2. .       Why did he travel abroad? And what happened when he returned?
3. .       When was the Apartheid system created and what was the objective?
4. .       According to the chart, how much more land was controlled by white people compared to black people?
5. .       How much more money would white people earn compared to black people?
6. .       How many teachers were there for every black pupil compared to every white pupil?
7. .       Why did the United Nations declare the March 21 the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination?

3. Give your opinion. Write and answer the following questions:

1.      What are some forms of racism we find in Chile?

2.      In what ways do you think we can end racism in Chile?

3.      Have you ever witnessed a situation of racial discrimination? What happened?

4.      Do you think we are less racist than in the past, or have we gotten worse? Why?

5.      What countries do you think are more advanced in trying to end racism? Why?

6.      Imagine you had to create a campaign against racism. What would you do?

Here is some useful language....

•      In my opinion…..

•      I think / I don’t think that….

•      I believe….

•      Unfortunately, ….

•      It would be better if…..

•      I agree with the article, but I also think….

•      I’m not sure that...... is correct….
•      I have no doubt that….
•      I’m certain that….